1. What is the smallest unit of life?
2. Which organ is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body?
3. What is the basic unit of inheritance?
4. Which term refers to the genetic makeup of an individual?
5. What process is responsible for the conversion of food into energy within cells?
6. What cellular structure contains the genetic material (DNA of the cell)?
7. What term refers to the physical characteristics an organism inherits from its parents?
8. If a person inherits one dominant allele and one recessive allele for a trait, what is their genotype?
9. Which system is responsible for protecting the body from pathogens and foreign invaders?
10. Which organ is part of both the digestive and endocrine systems, producing insulin?
11. How many chromosomes do humans inherit from each parent, resulting in a total of 46 chromosomes?
12. What is the process by which sperm and egg cells fuse to form a fertilized egg?
13. Which genetic disorder is characterized by the absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes?
14. What genetic disorder is caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21?
15. If a child inherits two recessive alleles for a trait, what is their genotype?
16. In a Punnett square, what is represented by the capital letter?
17. What term refers to the differences in traits among individuals of the same species?
18. Which genetic disorder is characterized by an abnormality in hemoglobin, causing red blood cells to take on a sickle shape?
19. What genetic disorder results from the absence of an enzyme needed to break down a specific substance, causing its accumulation in the body?
20. In Mendel's pea plant experiments, what is a "trait"?
21. If a heterozygous pea plant (Pp) for pea color is crossed with another heterozygous pea plant (Pp), what is the probability of getting a homozygous recessive offspring?
22. What is the shape of the DNA molecule?
23. What process involves copying DNA to create an identical copy for cell division?
24. What is genetic engineering?
25. Which factor contributes to the variation in traits between siblings with the same parents?
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