1. What is a shell script in the context of Unix-like operating systems?
Explanation: A shell script is a text-based script that contains a series of shell commands, used to automate tasks in Unix-like operating systems.
Report for correction2. What is a process in the context of operating systems?
Explanation: In operating systems, a process is an executing program that has its own memory space and resources, including CPU time.
Report for correction3. What does the term "kernel panic" indicate in Unix-like operating systems?
Explanation: A "kernel panic" in Unix-like operating systems indicates a hardware failure or critical error in the operating system that requires attention.
Report for correction4. What is a deadlock in operating systems?
Explanation: Deadlock is a situation in which two or more processes are unable to proceed because each is waiting for the other to release a resource, creating a circular dependency.
Report for correction5. In the context of file systems, what is an inode?
Explanation: An inode is a data structure used in file systems to store information about a file, such as its size, permissions, and data block locations.
Report for correction6. What is the kernel in an operating system?
Explanation: The kernel is the central part of an operating system that manages core functionalities and interacts directly with hardware.
Report for correction7. What does the term "preemptive scheduling" mean in the context of process scheduling?
Explanation: Preemptive scheduling allows the operating system to interrupt a running process and switch to another process when necessary, ensuring fairness and responsiveness.
Report for correction8. Which file system is commonly used in Windows operating systems?
Explanation: NTFS (New Technology File System) is a commonly used file system in Windows operating systems.
Report for correction9. Which memory management scheme allows programs to be larger than the physical memory?
Explanation: Virtual memory allows programs to use more memory than physically available by using disk storage as an extension of RAM.
Report for correction10. Which memory management technique aims to minimize the wastage of memory caused by small gaps between allocated memory blocks?
Explanation: Fragmentation is a memory management issue where small gaps between allocated memory blocks can cause memory wastage. Defragmentation techniques aim to reduce this wastage.
Report for correction11. Which type of operating system allows multiple users to run programs concurrently and efficiently on a single computer?
Explanation: A multi-user operating system allows multiple users to run programs concurrently on a single computer, managing resources efficiently.
Report for correction12. Which scheduling algorithm gives each process a fixed time slice of CPU time?
Explanation: Round Robin scheduling allocates each process a fixed time slice (quantum) of CPU time, allowing each process to run for a predetermined period before switching to the next.
Report for correction13. Which scheduling algorithm selects the process with the highest priority to execute first?
Explanation: Priority Scheduling selects the process with the highest priority to execute first, allowing higher-priority processes to receive CPU time before lower-priority ones.
Report for correction14. What is a context switch in the context of process scheduling?
Explanation: A context switch in process scheduling involves saving the current state of a process and restoring the state of another process to allow it to run.
Report for correction15. What is the purpose of a page fault in virtual memory management?
Explanation: A page fault occurs when a page of memory needs to be loaded from disk into physical memory because it is not currently in RAM.
Report for correction16. What is the role of the scheduler in process scheduling?
Explanation: The scheduler in process scheduling is responsible for determining the order in which processes are executed on the CPU.
Report for correction17. What is the purpose of a system call in an operating system?
Explanation: A system call is used by user programs to request services from the operating system kernel, such as file operations or process management.
Report for correction18. What is the role of the BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) in a computer system?
Explanation: The BIOS is responsible for loading the operating system and initializing hardware components during the computer's startup process.
Report for correction19. What is the purpose of a file system in an operating system?
Explanation: A file system is responsible for organizing and managing data on storage devices, such as hard drives or SSDs.
Report for correction20. What is the primary function of an operating system?
Explanation: The primary function of an operating system is to manage hardware resources, such as memory, CPU, and storage, and provide services to applications.
Report for correction21. What is the purpose of a device driver in an operating system?
Explanation: Device drivers facilitate communication between the operating system and hardware devices, allowing the OS to control and interact with the hardware.
Report for correction22. What is the purpose of a shell in an operating system?
Explanation: A shell provides a command-line interface for users to interact with the operating system by entering commands and executing tasks.
Report for correction23. What is the purpose of a mutex in concurrent programming?
Explanation: A mutex (short for mutual exclusion) is used to protect shared resources from simultaneous access by multiple threads or processes.
Report for correction24. What is the purpose of an interrupt in an operating system?
Explanation: Interrupts are used to notify the operating system of events or requests that require immediate attention, such as hardware interrupts or system calls.
Report for correction25. What is the purpose of a swap space in virtual memory management?
Explanation: Swap space is used to temporarily store data that does not fit in physical memory, allowing the system to continue running with the help of disk storage.
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