Explanation: The primary function of the immune system is to defend the body against infections and diseases caused by pathogens like bacteria, viruses, and fungi.

Explanation: The two main types of immunity in the human body are innate immunity (present from birth) and adaptive immunity (developed in response to specific pathogens).

Explanation: Macrophages are immune cells that play a crucial role in the innate immune response and act as the first line of defense against infections.

Explanation: Antibodies (immunoglobulins) are proteins produced by B cells that neutralize pathogens by binding to them, making them harmless and tagging them for destruction.

Explanation: Adaptive immunity is developed after recovering from an infection or receiving a vaccine, and it provides a specific and long-lasting defense against the pathogen.

Explanation: T cells play a crucial role in the immune system by recognizing and destroying infected cells, as well as cancer cells.

Explanation: Memory cells are a type of immune cell that "remembers" previous infections and allows the immune system to respond more quickly and effectively upon re-exposure to the same pathogen.

Explanation: T cells play a central role in coordinating the immune response and producing cytokines, which are signaling molecules that help regulate immune activity.

Explanation: The thymus gland is responsible for maturing T cells, which are important components of the immune system.

Explanation: Passive immunity is acquired through the transfer of antibodies or immune cells from one individual to another, as occurs during breastfeeding or through the administration of pre-formed antibodies.

Explanation: Vaccination involves the deliberate exposure to a weakened or inactive pathogen to stimulate an immune response and provide protection against future infections.

Explanation: Eosinophils are immune cells that play a role in allergic reactions and asthma, particularly in response to allergens.

Explanation: Phagocytosis is the process by which immune cells engulf and digest pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses.

Explanation: Diabetes mellitus type 1 is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys insulin-producing cells in the pancreas.

Explanation: Immune tolerance is the ability of the immune system to distinguish between self-antigens (components of the body) and non-self antigens (foreign invaders) to avoid attacking healthy tissues.

Explanation: Innate immunity provides immediate, but often short-lived, protection against a wide range of pathogens and is present from birth.

Explanation: An antigen is a substance that triggers an immune response and can induce the production of antibodies.

Explanation: B cells are immune cells that produce antibodies in response to an infection, making them a key part of the adaptive immune response.

Explanation: Steroids are immunosuppressive drugs used to reduce the immune response and are often prescribed in certain medical conditions.

Explanation: Cytokines are a group of proteins that help regulate immune responses and can promote inflammation when necessary.

Explanation: Eosinophils are white blood cells that play a role in allergic reactions and the immune response to parasitic infections.

Explanation: Immunodeficiency refers to a state of weakened or impaired immune function, which can make individuals more susceptible to infections.

Explanation: HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a viral disease that affects the immune system and can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

Explanation: The memory response is the process by which immune cells "remember" previous infections and respond more effectively upon re-exposure to the same pathogen.

Explanation: Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are immune cells that play a role in regulating and suppressing immune responses to prevent excessive inflammation and autoimmunity.