1. What is the term for a disease that is present at birth, often due to genetic factors or prenatal exposure to harmful substances?
Explanation: Congenital diseases are present at birth and are typically the result of genetic factors or prenatal exposures.
Report for correction2. Which of the following is a disease characterized by the weakening of bones and increased susceptibility to fractures?
Explanation: Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by weakened bones, leading to an increased risk of fractures.
Report for correction3. "What is the term for the abnormal bending or curvature of the spine, often in an ""S"" or ""C"" shape?"
Explanation: "Scoliosis is the abnormal bending or curvature of the spine, typically in an ""S"" or ""C"" shape."
Report for correction4. Which of the following is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by difficulty breathing and narrowing of the airways?
Explanation: Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by difficulty breathing and airway constriction.
Report for correction5. What is the term for a chronic inflammatory disease of the joints, often characterized by pain, swelling, and stiffness?
Explanation: Arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the joints, leading to pain, swelling, and stiffness.
Report for correction6. Which of the following terms describes a group of diseases characterized by the progressive degeneration of nerve cells, leading to motor dysfunction and cognitive impairment?
Explanation: Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive degeneration of nerve cells, leading to cognitive decline.
Report for correction7. Which of the following terms describes the abnormal increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ, often leading to an enlarged or swollen condition?
Explanation: Hyperplasia is the abnormal increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ, leading to an enlargement of that tissue or organ.
Report for correction8. What is the term for the abnormal development or growth of cells within a tissue, often characterized by changes in cell size, shape, and organization?
Explanation: Dysplasia refers to the abnormal development or growth of cells within a tissue, often accompanied by changes in cell size, shape, and organization.
Report for correction9. Which of the following is a branch of medical science that studies the causes and effects of diseases?
Explanation: Pathology is the branch of medical science that studies the causes and effects of diseases, including the examination of body tissues for diagnosis.
Report for correction10. Which type of disease spreads from person to person through various means, such as airborne transmission, direct contact, or contaminated objects?
Explanation: Infectious diseases are caused by microorganisms and can spread from person to person through various modes of transmission.
Report for correction11. What is the term for a disease that is characterized by the body's immune system attacking its own healthy cells and tissues?
Explanation: Autoimmune diseases involve the immune system mistakenly attacking the body's own cells and tissues.
Report for correction12. Which of the following is a common symptom of inflammation, characterized by redness, warmth, swelling, and pain in the affected area?
Explanation: Rubor, or redness, is a common symptom of inflammation, along with warmth, swelling, and pain.
Report for correction13. What is the term for the process of blood clot formation within blood vessels, often in response to injury or damage?
Explanation: Thrombosis is the formation of blood clots within blood vessels, typically in response to injury or vascular damage.
Report for correction14. Which of the following terms refers to the reduced blood flow to a tissue or organ, often due to constriction or blockage of blood vessels?
Explanation: Ischemia is the reduced blood flow to a tissue or organ, usually caused by the constriction or blockage of blood vessels.
Report for correction15. What is the term for the escape of blood from a ruptured blood vessel, often resulting in bleeding?
Explanation: Hemorrhage is the escape of blood from a ruptured blood vessel, leading to bleeding.
Report for correction16. What is the term for the inflammation of the liver, often caused by viral infections, alcohol abuse, or autoimmune conditions?
Explanation: Hepatitis refers to the inflammation of the liver, which can be caused by various factors, including viral infections.
Report for correction17. Which of the following terms describes an abnormal accumulation of lipids (fats) within cells, leading to cellular dysfunction and tissue damage?
Explanation: Steatosis, also known as fatty change, is the abnormal accumulation of lipids within cells, which can lead to cellular dysfunction and tissue damage.
Report for correction18. Which of the following diseases is caused by a deficiency of insulin or the body's inability to use insulin properly, resulting in high blood sugar levels?
Explanation: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels due to insulin deficiency or resistance.
Report for correction19. What is the term for a group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled division and growth of abnormal cells in the body?
Explanation: Neoplasia refers to the abnormal growth and division of cells, leading to the formation of tumors or masses, which can be benign or malignant.
Report for correction20. What is the term for the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the interstitial spaces of the body, leading to swelling and tissue damage?
Explanation: Edema is the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the interstitial spaces of the body, resulting in swelling and potential tissue damage.
Report for correction21. Which term refers to the spread of cancer cells from their original site to other parts of the body, where they can establish new tumors?
Explanation: Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from their primary site to other parts of the body, leading to the formation of secondary tumors.
Report for correction22. What is the term for the formation of scar tissue in an organ or tissue as a result of injury or disease?
Explanation: Fibrosis is the formation of scar tissue in an organ or tissue in response to injury or disease.
Report for correction23. Which of the following terms describes the process of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms?
Explanation: Apoptosis is the programmed cell death that occurs as a natural part of development and tissue maintenance.
Report for correction24. Which of the following terms describes the death of body tissue caused by a lack of blood supply, often due to blockage of blood vessels?
Explanation: Necrosis is the death of body tissue, often caused by insufficient blood supply.
Report for correction25. Which of the following terms refers to the study of the causes of diseases, their origin, development, and the factors that influence their occurrence?
Explanation: Etiology is the study of the causes or origins of diseases and the factors that contribute to their development.
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